G04 Timber

Key challenge: is it possible to harvest trees for timber ethically and sustainably?

What is justified and how? What rules and principles should be in operation?

Is it fair to trees?

Is it fair to forests (as trees are never alone)? E.g., trees remain and can be more valuable when dead: Removal of dead wood and dead trees - key threatening process listing | NSW Environment, Energy and Science

Is it sustainable?

Even After Plantations Are Abandoned Primary Forests Do Not Return - Pacific Standard (psmag.com)

Background

Consider ethics of plan lives as the foundation.

Compare with communal exchange in resources and energy as the higher-level compromise/condition.

Management and Advisory Tools

EcoSpecifier: Timber & Wood Products

PEFC Australia | Sustainable Forest Management | Forest Certification (responsiblewood.org.au)

References

Pro-management literature and implications of harvesting:

Picchio, Rodolfo, Piotr S. Mederski, and Farzam Tavankar. ‘How and How Much, Do Harvesting Activities Affect Forest Soil, Regeneration and Stands?’ Current Forestry Reports 6, no. 2 (2020): 115–28. https://doi.org/10/gjpsjg.

Titus, Brian D., Kevin Brown, Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari, Elena Vanguelova, Inge Stupak, Alexander Evans, Nicholas Clarke, et al. ‘Sustainable Forest Biomass: A Review of Current Residue Harvesting Guidelines’. Energy, Sustainability and Society 11, no. 1 (14 April 2021): 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-021-00281-w.

Kuuluvainen, Timo, Per Angelstam, Lee Frelich, Kalev Jõgiste, Matti Koivula, Yasuhiro Kubota, Benoit Lafleur, and Ellen Macdonald. ‘Natural Disturbance-Based Forest Management: Moving Beyond Retention and Continuous-Cover Forestry’. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 4 (2021). https://doi.org/10/gmh2q3.

Sheppard, Jonathan P., James Chamberlain, Dolores Agúndez, Prodyut Bhattacharya, Paxie Wanangwa Chirwa, Andrey Gontcharov, Willie Cliffie John Sagona, Hai-long Shen, Wubalem Tadesse, and Sven Mutke. ‘Sustainable Forest Management Beyond the Timber-Oriented Status Quo: Transitioning to Co-Production of Timber and Non-Wood Forest Products—a Global Perspective’. Current Forestry Reports 6, no. 1 (2020): 26–40. https://doi.org/10/gnpxb2.

A bit old but an overview of ethics-based approaches:

List, Peter C., ed. Environmental Ethics and Forestry: A Reader. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2000.

This note is about the notion of craft.

Related: Creativity, Expertise, Knowledge, Work, tacit knowledge, intangible knowledge.

Craft as a communal and cultural expression

Craft in software engineering

Craft as an object of study

Definitions

Craftsmanship is the ability to produce good work.

Sennett, Richard. The Craftsman. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.

Nonhuman Craft

Nonhuman species can craft and use tools.

Hunt, Gavin R., and Russell D. Gray. ‘The Crafting of Hook Tools by Wild New Caledonian Crows’. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 271, no. suppl_3 (2004): S88–90. https://doi.org/10/cpb2dt.

Shumaker, Robert W., Kristina R. Walkup, and Benjamin B. Beck. Animal Tool Behavior: The Use and Manufacture of Tools by Animals. Revised and Updated. 1980. Reprint, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011.

References

Luckman, Susan. Craft and the Creative Economy. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

Sennett, Richard. The Craftsman. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.

For an overview and perspectives on human craft:

Bell, Emma, Gianluigi Mangia, and Scott D. Taylor, eds. The Organization of Craft Work: Identities, Meanings and Materiality. New York: Routledge, 2019.

Bell, Emma, M. Tina Dacin, and Maria Laura Toraldo. “Craft Imaginaries: Past, Present and Future.” Organization Theory 2, no. 1 (2021): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/2631787721991141.

Practice theory, embodied nature of craftsmanship:

Mellegård, Viveca, and Wiebren J. Boonstra. ‘Craftsmanship as a Carrier of Indigenous and Local Ecological Knowledge: Photographic Insights from Sámi Duodji and Archipelago Fishing’. Society & Natural Resources 33, no. 10 (2020): 1252–72. https://doi.org/10/gjdstw.

Feminist and new materialist interpretation:

Gruwell, Leigh. Making Matters: Craft, Ethics, and New Materialist Rhetorics. Logan: Utah State University Press, 2022.

On software craftsmanship, a technical review:

Sundelin, Anders, Javier Gonzalez-huerta, Krzysztof Wnuk, and Tony Gorschek. ‘Towards an Anatomy of Software Craftsmanship’. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 31, no. 1 (2021): 6:1-6:49. https://doi.org/10/gmzgj3.

Diverse and informal economies:

Gibson-Graham, J. K. A Postcapitalist Politics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2006.

Gibson-Graham, J. K. ‘Diverse Economies: Performative Practices for `Other Worlds’’. Progress in Human Geography 32, no. 5 (2008): 613–32. https://doi.org/10/cwxkm8.

On cumulative technological culture:

Osiurak, François, and Emanuelle Reynaud. ‘The Elephant in the Room: What Matters Cognitively in Cumulative Technological Culture’. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 43 (2020). https://doi.org/10/ggdcnw.

also:

Frayling, Christopher. On Craftsmanship: Towards a New Bauhaus. London: Oberon Books, 2011.

Communities and Sources

Experiential Knowledge Special Interest Group of DRS

Mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans)

Lindenmayer, David, David Blair, and Lachlan McBurney. ‘Variable Retention Harvesting in Victoria’s Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) Forests (Southeastern Australia)’. Ecological Processes 8, no. 1 (2019): 2. https://doi.org/10/gm95d4.