Forestry
Key challenge: is it possible to harvest trees for timber ethically and sustainably?
What is justified and how? What rules and principles should be in operation?
Is it fair to trees?
Is it fair to forests (as trees are never alone)? E.g., trees remain and can be more valuable when dead: Removal of dead wood and dead trees - key threatening process listing | NSW Environment, Energy and Science
Is it sustainable?
Even After Plantations Are Abandoned Primary Forests Do Not Return - Pacific Standard (psmag.com)
Background
Consider ethics of plan lives as the foundation.
Compare with communal exchange in resources and energy as the higher-level compromise/condition.
Management and Advisory Tools
EcoSpecifier: Timber & Wood Products
PEFC Australia | Sustainable Forest Management | Forest Certification (responsiblewood.org.au)
References
Pro-management literature and implications of harvesting:
Picchio, Rodolfo, Piotr S. Mederski, and Farzam Tavankar. ‘How and How Much, Do Harvesting Activities Affect Forest Soil, Regeneration and Stands?’ Current Forestry Reports 6, no. 2 (2020): 115–28. https://doi.org/10/gjpsjg.
Titus, Brian D., Kevin Brown, Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari, Elena Vanguelova, Inge Stupak, Alexander Evans, Nicholas Clarke, et al. ‘Sustainable Forest Biomass: A Review of Current Residue Harvesting Guidelines’. Energy, Sustainability and Society 11, no. 1 (14 April 2021): 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-021-00281-w.
Kuuluvainen, Timo, Per Angelstam, Lee Frelich, Kalev Jõgiste, Matti Koivula, Yasuhiro Kubota, Benoit Lafleur, and Ellen Macdonald. ‘Natural Disturbance-Based Forest Management: Moving Beyond Retention and Continuous-Cover Forestry’. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 4 (2021). https://doi.org/10/gmh2q3.
Sheppard, Jonathan P., James Chamberlain, Dolores Agúndez, Prodyut Bhattacharya, Paxie Wanangwa Chirwa, Andrey Gontcharov, Willie Cliffie John Sagona, Hai-long Shen, Wubalem Tadesse, and Sven Mutke. ‘Sustainable Forest Management Beyond the Timber-Oriented Status Quo: Transitioning to Co-Production of Timber and Non-Wood Forest Products—a Global Perspective’. Current Forestry Reports 6, no. 1 (2020): 26–40. https://doi.org/10/gnpxb2.
A bit old but an overview of ethics-based approaches:
List, Peter C., ed. Environmental Ethics and Forestry: A Reader. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2000.
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