Mangrove

This note is about practical design approaches to urban water.

Swales and rain gardens that mimic natural topography of the site can to compensate for development impacts.

Natural forces have established a balance of landform and water flow over thousands of years; this equilibrium is a resource for design.

Balmori, Diana, and Gaboury Benoit. Land and Natural Development (LAND) Code: Guidelines for Sustainable Land Development. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2007.

On Water and (Urban Infrastructure)

Carse, Ashley. “Nature as Infrastructure: Making and Managing the Panama Canal Watershed.” Social Studies of Science 42, no. 4 (2012): 539–63. https://doi.org/10/gc5t37.

Scaramelli, Caterina. “The Delta Is Dead: Moral Ecologies of Infrastructure in Turkey.” Cultural Anthropology 34, no. 3 (2019): 388–416. https://doi.org/10/ghxxkx.

Silva, José Maria Cardoso da, and Emily Wheeler. “Ecosystems as Infrastructure.” Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation 15, no. 1 (2017): 32–35. https://doi.org/10/gdvpng.

Valk, Arnold G. van der. The Biology of Freshwater Wetlands. 2nd ed. 2006. Reprint, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Hydrology

Voter, Carolyn B., and Steven P. Loheide II. ‘Urban Residential Surface and Subsurface Hydrology: Synergistic Effects of Low-Impact Features at the Parcel Scale’. Water Resources Research 54, no. 10 (2018): 8216–33. https://doi.org/10/gfb7j6.