Megafauna Extinctions

Cf. Extinction, overkill, overhunting.

^{"Extinctions of the megafauna—huge mammals, birds, and reptiles—occurred during the later stages of the Pleistocene Epoch (in particular, between 50,000 and 11,000 years ago) and followed on the heels of the arrival of ecologically significant humans in those continents (ages of arrival of humans and of megafaunal extinctions in parentheses and in normal type, respectively)."}

Lomolino, Mark V., Brett R. Riddle, and Robert J. Whittaker. Biogeography: Biological Diversity Across Space and Time. 5th ed. 1983. Reprint, Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, 2016.

Koch, Paul L., and Anthony D. Barnosky. ‘Late Quaternary Extinctions: State of the Debate’. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 37, no. 1 (2006): 215–50. https://doi.org/10/dfdczg.

Haynes, Gary. ‘The Evidence for Human Agency in the Late Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions’. In Encyclopedia of the Anthropocene, edited by Dominick A. Dellasala and Michael I. Goldstein, 219–26. Oxford: Elsevier, 2018.

Surovell, Todd A., and Nicole M. Waguespack. ‘How Many Elephant Kills Are 14?: Clovis Mammoth and Mastodon Kills in Context’. Quaternary International 191, no. 1 (2008): 82–97. https://doi.org/10/bg2wqs.

Smith, Felisa A., Rosemary E. Elliott Smith, S. Kathleen Lyons, Jonathan L. Payne, and Amelia Villaseñor. ‘The Accelerating Influence of Humans on Mammalian Macroecological Patterns Over the Late Quaternary’. Quaternary Science Reviews 211 (2019): 1–16. https://doi.org/10/gn2swr.