Venice

Venice lagoon is a component of a large system and should be considered as such.

Formed in the Würm period 12,000 years ago when the sediments of the rivers of the Adige, Po, Tagliamento and Piave formed a shallow basin isolated from the Adriatic. 1

Ferraro, Joanne M. Venice: History of the Floating City. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Massari, Francesco, Domenico Rio, Rossana Serandrei Barbero, Alesssandra Asioli, Luca Capraro, Eliana Fornaciari, and P. P. Vergerio. ‘The Environment of Venice Area in the Past Two Million Years’. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 202, no. 3 (2004): 273–308. https://doi.org/10/frh8n2.

Geoffroy, Anne. ‘Acqua Alta, Silting, and Plague: Representing Venetian Resilience from an Early Modern British Perspective’. In The Writing of Natural Disaster in Europe, 1500–1826: Events in Excess, edited by Sandhya Patel and Sophie Chiari, 67–85. Cham: Springer, 2023.

Sciama, Lidia D. A Venetian Island: Environment, History, and Change in Burano. New York: Berghahn, 2003.

Standish, Dominic. Venice in Environmental Peril? Myth and Reality. Lanham: University Press of America, 2012.

Varrani, Arianna, and Michael Nones. ‘Vulnerability, Impacts and Assessment of Climate Change on Jakarta and Venice’. International Journal of River Basin Management 16, no. 4 (2018): 439–47. https://doi.org/10/gr4gth.

For an overview and references:

Elsler, Laura. ‘Venice Ventures: Modeling Social-Ecological Co-Evolution for Resilience’. Master Thesis, University of Graz, 2015.

Lagoon:

current shape is the result of current shape is the result of hydraulic engineering, including the diversion of the rivers in combination with natural factors
one management authority from the 15th century, Venice Water Magistrate

Solidoro, Cosimo, Vinko Bandelj, Fabrizio Bernardi, Elisa Camatti, Stefano Ciavatta, Gianpiero Cossarini, Chiara Facca, et al. ‘Response of the Venice Lagoon Ecosystem to Natural and Anthropogenic Pressures over the Last 50 Years’. In Coastal Lagoons, edited by Michael Kennish and Hans Paerl, 483–511. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2010.

Footnotes

Sfriso, Adriano, Bruno Pavoni, Antonio Marcomini, and Angelo A. Orio. ‘Macroalgae, Nutrient Cycles, and Pollutants in the Lagoon of Venice’. Estuaries 15, no. 4 (1992): 517–28. https://doi.org/10/ckx53v.˄

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