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Smart Cities and Biodiversity

Notes for the article proposed by Amy Hahs for the sustainability journal.

Ideas

Consider the sentience work as the source?

  • Epistemology
  • Information processing
  • Good life and justice

To Read in Preparation

This is based on the literature from the call.

  • Albino, Vito, Umberto Berardi, and Rosa Maria Dangelico. “Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives.” Journal of Urban Technology 22, no. 1 (2015): 3–21. https://doi.org/10/gcv8xx.
  • Aronson, Myla F. J., Christopher A. Lepczyk, Karl L. Evans, M. A. Goddard, Susannah B. Lerman, J. Scott MacIvor, Charles H. Nilon, and Timothy Vargo. “Biodiversity in the City: Key Challenges for Urban Green Space Management.” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 15, no. 4 (2017): 189–96. https://doi.org/10/f96prt.
  • Blicharska, Malgorzata, Richard J. Smithers, Grzegorz Mikusiński, Patrik Rönnbäck, Paula A. Harrison, Måns Nilsson, and William J. Sutherland. “Biodiversity’s Contributions to Sustainable Development.” Nature Sustainability 2, no. 12 (2019): 1083–93. https://doi.org/10/gjctgb.
  • Colding, Johan, Magnus Colding, and Stephan Barthel. “The Smart City Model: A New Panacea for Urban Sustainability or Unmanageable Complexity?” Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 47, no. 1 (2020): 179–87. https://doi.org/10/gdmxmw.
  • Dickinson, Janis L., Jennifer Shirk, David Bonter, Rick Bonney, Rhiannon L. Crain, Jason Martin, Tina Phillips, and Karen Purcell. ‘The Current State of Citizen Science as a Tool for Ecological Research and Public Engagement’. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10, no. 6 (2012): 291–97. https://doi.org/10/f37gr2.
  • Duro, Dennis C., Nicholas C. Coops, Michael A. Wulder, and Tian Han. ‘Development of a Large Area Biodiversity Monitoring System Driven by Remote Sensing’. Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 31, no. 3 (2007): 235–60. https://doi.org/10/dxwhr8.
  • Farina, Almo, Philip James, Christopher Bobryk, Nadia Pieretti, Emanuele Lattanzi, and Jamie McWilliam. ‘Low Cost (Audio) Recording (LCR) for Advancing Soundscape Ecology Towards the Conservation of Sonic Complexity and Biodiversity in Natural and Urban Landscapes’. Urban Ecosystems 17, no. 4 (2014): 923–44. https://doi.org/10/gmvg6t.

Also, Farina's ecofield

  • read on ecosemiotic landscape
  • Farina, Almo. Ecosemiotic Landscape: A Novel Perspective for the Toolbox of Environmental Humanities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.
  • Crain, Rhiannon, Caren Cooper, and Janis L. Dickinson. “Citizen Science: A Tool for Integrating Studies of Human and Natural Systems.” Annual Review of Environment and Resources 39, no. 1 (2014): 641–65. https://doi.org/10/gj6qrj.
  • Cugurullo, Federico. “Exposing Smart Cities and Eco-Cities: Frankenstein Urbanism and the Sustainability Challenges of the Experimental City.” Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 50, no. 1 (2018): 73–92. https://doi.org/10/gc26v4.
  • Douglas, Ian. “The Analysis of Cities as Ecosystems.” In The Routledge Handbook of Urban Ecology, edited by Ian Douglas and David Goode, 17–25. London: Routledge, 2011.
  • Hajer, Maarten A., and Ton Dassen, eds. Smart About Cities: Visualising the Challenge for 21st Century Urbanism: “We Need a Globally Networked Urbanism.” Rotterdam: Nai010 Publishers, 2014.
  • García-Holgado, Alicia, Francisco José García-Peñalvo, and Paul Butler. “Technological Ecosystems in Citizen Science: A Framework to Involve Children and Young People.” Sustainability 12, no. 5 (2020): 1863. https://doi.org/10/gk9kcz.
  • read on robotics and ecosystems
    • Goddard, Mark A., Zoe G. Davies, Solène Guenat, Mark J. Ferguson, Jessica C. Fisher, Adeniran Akanni, Teija Ahjokoski, et al. “A Global Horizon Scan of the Future Impacts of Robotics and Autonomous Systems on Urban Ecosystems.” Nature Ecology & Evolution 5, no. 2 (2021): 219–30. https://doi.org/10/gmn8s7.
  • Han, Hoon, and Scott Hawken. “Introduction: Innovation and Identity in Next-Generation Smart Cities.” City, Culture and Society, Innovation and identity in next generation smart cities, 12 (2018): 1–4. https://doi.org/10/gfgvj5.

  • Joss, Simon, Frans Sengers, Daan Schraven, Federico Caprotti, and Youri Dayot. “The Smart City as Global Discourse: Storylines and Critical Junctures across 27 Cities.” Journal of Urban Technology 26, no. 1 (2019): 3–34. https://doi.org/10/ggdjtp.

  • Mahizhnan, Arun. “Smart Cities: The Singapore Case.” Cities 16, no. 1 (1999): 13–18. https://doi.org/10/dtgb2j.

  • Newman, Peter, and Isabella Jennings. Cities as Sustainable Ecosystems: Principles and Practices. Washington: Island Press, 2008.
  • Nitoslawski, Sophie A., Nadine J. Galle, Cecil Konijnendijk Van Den Bosch, and James W. N. Steenberg. “Smarter Ecosystems for Smarter Cities? A Review of Trends, Technologies, and Turning Points for Smart Urban Forestry.” Sustainable Cities and Society 51 (2019): 101770. https://doi.org/10/ggdhvc.

This is relevant for Participation as an example of existing efforts to empower citizens using technology. Can and how can this be extended to nonhuman stakeholders?

  • Ottaviano, Manuel, María Eugenia Beltrán-Jaunsarás, José Gabriel Teriús-Padrón, Rebeca I. García-Betances, Sergio González-Martínez, Gloria Cea, Cecilia Vera, María Fernanda Cabrera-Umpiérrez, and María Teresa Arredondo Waldmeyer. “Empowering Citizens through Perceptual Sensing of Urban Environmental and Health Data Following a Participative Citizen Science Approach.” Sensors 19, no. 13 (2019): 2940. https://doi.org/10/gmvpn3.
  • Parris, Kirsten M., Marco Amati, Sarah A. Bekessy, Danielle Dagenais, Ole Fryd, Amy K. Hahs, Dominique Hes, et al. “The Seven Lamps of Planning for Biodiversity in the City.” Cities 83 (2018): 44–53. https://doi.org/10/gfsp47.
  • Picon, Antoine. Smart Cities: A Spatialised Intelligence. Chichester: Wiley, 2015.
  • Pierce, Jennifer Rae, Melissa A. Barton, Mika Mei Jia Tan, Ginevra Oertel, Michael D. Halder, Pablo Arturo Lopez-Guijosa, and Rohan Nuttall. “Actions, Indicators, and Outputs in Urban Biodiversity Plans: A Multinational Analysis of City Practice.” PLOS ONE 15, no. 7 (2020): e0235773. https://doi.org/10/gh246x.

On #biomonitoring (Private)

  • Pocock, Michael J. O., Mark Chandler, Rick Bonney, Ian Thornhill, Anna Albin, Tom August, Steven Bachman, et al. “A Vision for Global Biodiversity Monitoring With Citizen Science.” In Advances in Ecological Research, 59:169–223. Oxford: Elsevier, 2018.
  • Pierce, Jennifer Rae, Melissa A. Barton, Mika Mei Jia Tan, Ginevra Oertel, Michael D. Halder, Pablo Arturo Lopez-Guijosa, and Rohan Nuttall. “Actions, Indicators, and Outputs in Urban Biodiversity Plans: A Multinational Analysis of City Practice.” PLOS ONE 15, no. 7 (2020): e0235773. https://doi.org/10/gh246x.
  • Stanley, Margaret C., Jacqueline R. Beggs, Imogen E. Bassett, Bruce R. Burns, Kim N. Dirks, Darryl N. Jones, Wayne L. Linklater, et al. “Emerging Threats in Urban Ecosystems: A Horizon Scanning Exercise.” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 13, no. 10 (2015): 553–60. https://doi.org/10/f724tf.
  • Watkins, Harry, Jake M. Robinson, Martin F. Breed, Brenda Parker, and Philip Weinstein. “Microbiome-Inspired Green Infrastructure: A Toolkit for Multidisciplinary Landscape Design.” Trends in Biotechnology 38, no. 12 (2020): 1305–8. https://doi.org/10/gjtd72.

From Smart City
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Smart Cities

This concept depends on the concept of Data

Definitions

What Is a City?

  • natural history
  • epistemology
  • growth and prospects (see Smil)

Definitions of Smart City

Marcus Foth’s conception of “urban informatics” is similarly capacious: it encompasses “the collection, classification, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of recorded knowledge,” either (1) in a city or (2) “of,relating to, characteristic of, or constituting a city.” See Foth, ed., Handbook of Research on Urban Informatics: The Practice and Promise of the Real-Time City (Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, 2009), xxiii. Such a definition acknowledges a wide variety of informational functions, contents, and contexts.Yet his focus on recorded knowledge, and on informatics’ reputation as a “science” of data processing, still limits our understanding of the city’s epistemological functions.

Mattern, Shannon. A City Is Not a Computer: Other Urban Intelligences. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2021.

Foth, Marcus, ed. Handbook of Research on Urban Informatics: The Practice and Promise of the Real-Time City. Hershey: Information Science Reference, 2009.

Serey, Joel, Luis Quezada, Miguel Alfaro, Guillermo Fuertes, Rodrigo Ternero, Gustavo Gatica, Sebastian Gutierrez, and Manuel Vargas. “Methodological Proposals for the Development of Services in a Smart City: A Literature Review.” Sustainability 12, no. 24 (2020): 10249. https://doi.org/10/gpx29d.

Critique

Analysis of platform interactions:

Barns, Sarah. Platform Urbanism: Negotiating Platform Ecosystems in Connected Cities. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.

Politics

Karvonen, Andrew. “Urban Techno-Politics: Knowing, Governing, and Imagining the City.” Science as Culture 29, no. 3 (2020): 417–24. https://doi.org/10/gg5vfs.

Autonomy and Sovereignty

Cf. technological sovereignty as a concept that can extend to nonhumans. Who has the social license to operate smart cities?

Mann, Monique, Peta Mitchell, Marcus Foth, and Irina Anastasiu. “#BlockSidewalk to Barcelona: Technological Sovereignty and the Social License to Operate Smart Cities.” Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 71, no. 9 (2020): 1103–15. https://doi.org/10/gj795m.

Sustainability of Smart Cities and AI

Yigitcanlar, Tan, and Federico Cugurullo. “The Sustainability of Artificial Intelligence: An Urbanistic Viewpoint from the Lens of Smart and Sustainable Cities.” Sustainability 12, no. 20 (2020): 8548. https://doi.org/10/gmdgv5.

References

Clark, Jennifer. Uneven Innovation: The Work of Smart Cities. New York: Columbia University Press, 2020.

Colding, Johan, Marita Wallhagen, Patrik Sörqvist, Lars Marcus, Karl Hillman, Karl Samuelsson, and Stephan Barthel. “Applying a Systems Perspective on the Notion of the Smart City.” Smart Cities 3, no. 2 (2020): 420–29. https://doi.org/10/gh8dxp.

Loke, Seng W., and Andry Rakotonirainy, eds. The Automated City: Internet of Things an Ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence. Cham: Springer, 2021.

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