Peace
Cf.
- human-wildlife conflict
- human-wildlife coexistence
- peace parks
Types of peace as commonly discussed.1
- Negative peace: the absence of direct violence.
- Positive peace: the absence of structural violence (so this is misnamed as this seems to be a milder version of negative peace?).
Or is it the deficiency of the concepts of peace itself that is the problem because this notion defines minimal conditions without automatically leading to resilience, innovation, justice or thriving.
People suggest "hospitality" as a better alternative to negative peace. However, this remains anthropocentric and paternalistic.2
- Ecological or socio-ecological peace.
- "Territorial peace" as inseparable from ecology.
References
Galtung, Johan. “Cultural violence.” Journal of Peace Research 27, no. 3 (1990): 291–305. https://doi.org/10/cdq2q4.
Hsiao, Elaine (Lan Yin). “Conviviality in Disrupted Socionatural Landscapes: Ecological Peacebuilding around Akagera National Park.” Conservation and Society 20, no. 2 (2022): 79. https://doi.org/10/hbjp4w.
Footnotes
Galtung, Johan. Peace by Peaceful Means: Peace and Conflict, Development and Civilization. 1996; Oslo: PRIO, 2010.˄
Serenari, Christopher. “Beyond Tolerance: Mitigating Human–Wildlife Conflict with Hospitality.” Animals 14, no. 8 (2024): 1185. https://doi.org/10/g8xttr.˄